Thursday, May 17, 2012

Differences between Nursing Homes, Assisted Living & persisting Care seclusion Communities

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Benjamin Franklin said it best - “nothing in life is obvious except death and taxes” but with daily advancements in science, technology and health care, Americans are living longer than ever before*. This blessing however, has created a unique dilemma for contemporary American families: How to plan for and get ready for one's retirement years.

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Have you taken a road-trip lately? almost every highway is graced with large bill-boards providing the locations of new planned communities where couples can spend their retirement years dedicated to recreational pursuits. I doubt you will find a local newspaper that doesn’t have at least one ad promoting the amenities found at a local assisted living facility. Try to quest for “nursing homes in Virginia” on the Internet and thousands of web pages will appear. Each and every day new facilities offering different programs are being built and marketed across the state.

Is such a factory right for you and your family? If so, which facility? We often hear the terms “retirement community,” “nursing home,” and “assisted living facility” but rarely reconsider what these terms literally mean. The differences however, are stunning and it is imperative to understand these differences when production choices for yourself or your loved ones.

Nursing Homes

In Virginia, a nursing home means any factory with the primary function of providing long-term nursing care, nursing services and health-related services on a continuing basis, for the rehabilitation and sick person care of two or more non-related individuals**. Put simply, a nursing home is a factory designed for person who needs less care than a hospital, but requires daily health care assistance.

The Virginia division of health licenses such facilities and has established guidelines regulating varied aspects of their operations, programs, and staffing needs, etc***. For example, a nursing home must: (a) have written policies and procedures regarding the rehabilitation of residents and the administration of resident care which are ready to residents and their families (12Vac5-360-20); (b) contribute crisis curative services within 15 minutes, under normal conditions (12Vac5-360-50); (c) be field to unannounced on-site inspections of the nursing factory by State employees (12Vac5-371-60); (d) have a written bargain with one or more physicians licensed by the Virginia Board of rehabilitation to serve as curative director (12Vac5-371-230); and (e) each resident shall be under the care of a physician licensed by the Virginia Board of rehabilitation (12Vac5-371-240).

In addition, residents of nursing homes are also given obvious possession as defined by Virginia Code §32.1-138. See http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?000+cod+32.1-138. Nursing homes are the most regulated and structured residential options for our Seniors requiring some level of daily health care. If the factory provides care through Medicare and Medicaid programs, it is deemed a "Certified nursing facility" (Virginia Code §32.1-123; Virginia Code §32.1-127) and must be in compliance with both federal and state laws.

Of course, the more rules and regulations that define and control the daily operations of a nursing home, the greater the accountability of the staff. These are the habitancy who will be charged with the daily task of caring for your loved one, and production sure they are in compliance with state and federal laws. No matter how nice and or keen the factory might be, the staff will make the dissimilarity in the middle of your loved one being cared for and encouraged, or not.

A nursing home is best considerable for someone:

Who requires daily health care – such as aid getting in and out of bed; taking medicine; or using the restroom. Who may have dementia or Alzheimer’s and as a result, is unable to eat and or bathe daily without reminder or assistance; Who is recovering from a fall or crisis and is therefore unable to walk, dress and or eat without aid
Assisted Living Facility

“Assisted living facility” means an adult care abode which has been licensed by the Virginia division of social Services to contribute a level of assistance for adults who may have physical or thinking impairments and wish at least moderate aid with the activities of daily living. Within assisted living, there are two types: quarterly assisted living for those seniors (typically) who need aid with one or more daily activity; and laberious assisted living for person who may be incapable of performing activities due to thinking and/or severe physical impairment (12Vac30-120-450).

The Virginia division of social Services licenses assisted living facilities but does not regulate in the way the division of health regulates nursing homes. While there are Virginia guidelines regulating aspects of assisted living facilities, they are limited: An assisted living factory must: (a) contribute or coordinate personal and health care services; and (b) contribute 24-hour supervision.

As reflected in the table below, assisted living facilities have no enforcement to contribute health care and/or have health care staff ready to support your loved one. In addition, with no enforcement to contribute such services, there is the examine as to whether or not they owe a duty to warn or treat residents with illnesses or diseases that could be transmitted from other residents.

While a nursing home will have many nurses on staff and doctors hired to monitor the residents, assisted living is more analogous to an apartment construction or college dorm where laundry and food services are provided and residents are on their own for the rest of the day.

An assisted living factory is best considerable for someone:

Who is basically independent but may not be able or willing to get ready their own food or drive to doctors’ appointments; Someone who wants to scale back and anticipates needing aid with laundry, cooking, etc. In the near future. A consolidate where one spouse is independent but may need aid in feeding and or providing for needs of other spouse.
Continuing Care retirement Community

In Virginia you may also see advertisements for a retirement community. They are popping up all colse to our favorite College Towns and tourist destinations.

A continuing Care retirement community provides care depending on your current needs. Like an insurance policy, the resident pays an entrance fee and periodic adjustable payments, which in turn gives the resident a holder of residential and healthcare services that the Ccrc is obligated to contribute at the time these residential and health care services are required. For example, if upon entering, all you want is help with your meals, that is the only assistance which will be provided. If you wish laberious physical therapy or God forbid, daily aid for a Dementia patient, the Ccrc has assisted living services or nursing home services ready under your contract. continuing care contracts are regulated by the Virginia Bureau of insurance of the Virginia State Corporation Commission.

Many Ccrcs can have nursing home services ready whether on-site, or at licensed facilities off-site (12Vac5-360-10). While you may be entering the retirement community as a very wholesome independent and capable resident, as your needs change, so will your ageement with the community and in turn, the facility’s obligations to you.

A continuing Care retirement community factory is best considerable for someone:

Who is basically independent but anticipates the need for daily health care for themselves or a spouse in the near future; Someone who is physically disabled and would be unable to care for themselves or a spouse if the disability grew worse. With at least three very different choices, it is very leading to do your research:

To study assisted living facilities in Virginia, go to division of social Services website: http://www.dss.state.va.us/facility/search/alf.cgi.

To study nursing homes, go to Medicare’s website: http://www.medicare.gov

And Last But Not Least

It is always best to speak to a family member of a current resident and spend time getting to know the staff, no matter what type of factory you are finding into. If finding and researching is not enough, then reconsider the chart below – a comparison of the legal duties of a nursing home compared to the legal duties of an assisted living factory in Virginia.

Duty or Requirement

Nursing Home

Assisted Living

Duty to contribute nursing care and or monitor resident’s health?

Yes

No

Doctor required to supervise residents?

Yes

No

Each resident shall be under the care of a physician licensed by the Virginia Board of Medicine?

Yes

No

Must have nurses on staff?

Yes

No

Must offer rehabilitative services?

Yes

No

Must have ongoing consultation from a registered dietitian or dietitian on staff?

Yes

No

24 Hour administration required?

Yes

Yes

Must compose a written plan upon admission of resident?

Yes

Yes

Staff must experience criminal background check?

Yes

Yes

Monitored by Virginia town for quality health Care Services and buyer Protection

Yes

No

Monitored by division of social Services

No

Yes

*Life expectancy increased dramatically during the past century, from 47 years for Americans born in 1900 to 77 years for those born in 2001. These same factors—improved curative care and arresting efforts— that are partly responsible for the dramatic increases in life expectancy have also produced a major shift in the leading causes of death in the United States in the past century, from infectious diseases and acute illnesses to continuing diseases and degenerative illnesses.” The State of Aging and health in America 2004, published by the town for Disease Control, ready at http://www.cdc.gov/aging/pdf/State_of_Aging_and_Health_in_America_2004.pdf.

**See generally, Virginia Code §32.1-123, as amended and Virginia menagerial Code § 12Vac5-360-10.

***It is a Felony under Virginia law to control a nursing factory without a license. See generally, 12Vac5-371-30.

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